Simon IV of Montfort (c. 1165-25 June 1218, Toulouse), lord of Montfort l'Amaury, 5th Earl of Leicester, Count of Castres, Count of Toulouse, viscount of Béziers and Viscount Carcassonne, and Viscount Ambialet is the leading figure of the crusade Albigeois.Origines
Simon de Montfort is from the house of Montfort l'Amaury family rank baronnal Île de France by his father Simon III de Montfort and the barons Anglo-Norman by his mother, Amicie Beaumont, Lady Leicester. His grandfather was Amaury III de Montfort Comte d'Evreux and seneschal of France. His father Simon was gruyer Royal Forest of Yvelines. His mother was the heiress of half the county of Leicester and a right under Steward of England. (His only child is unfortunately not known). A French baron
In 1181, the death of his father, the county of Evreux returns to his eldest Amaury V; it receives only the lordship of Montfort and the burden of gruyer.
In 1188, he appeared in an interview at Gisors between Philip Augustus and Henry II of England.
In 1206 - 1207, it is actually the Earl of Leicester for a few months before being confiscated by King John Lackland for " disobedience. "
He married Alix de Montmorency, daughter of Bouchard de Montmorency II and sister of Mathieu de Montmorency, the constable of France.The Crusader
In 1199, during a tournament held by Count Thibaut III of Champagne-sur-Ecry Aisne, he took the cross and having arranged his departure, gets to participate in the Fourth Crusade. However, he dissociated himself from the company when it was decided to take the Christian city of Zara to reimburse expenses incurred by the Venetians to transport by sea of the Crusade. He then won on his own French territories overseas in Palestine. By tradition it bring back a piece of the Holy Cross Monastery that offer the Hautes-Bruyeres.
In 1209 he was part of the Crusaders against the Cathar heretics, called Albigensian Crusade, taking part in seats of Beziers and Carcassonne. After this bloody episode, he was chosen as the temporal leader of the crusade, the abbot of Citeaux, Arnaud Amaury remains his spiritual leader, becoming Viscount of Beziers and Carcassonne, in lieu of the permit holder, Raymond-Roger Trencavel which will be forfeited (but also imprisoned and later died in a dungeon) for its support to heresy.
The Battle of Muret by an illumination of the fourteenth century (Grandes Chroniques de France, BNF, French Ms 2813, fol. 252v.)
In 1213, he defeated the army King Peter II of Aragon, who was killed at the Battle of Muret.
In November 1215, the Lateran Council rewards it by granting the title of Count of Toulouse and makes admission to King County from France in May 1216.
It was not long conflict with the Archbishop of Narbonne, Arnaud Amaury and when he paid homage to Toulouse, Beaucaire opened its doors to Raymond VII of Toulouse, previous count of Toulouse dispossessed of their land. Simon de Montfort fails to capture the city but he must give up the seat to quell the revolt of Toulouse. 13 September 1217, Toulouse in turn, opens its doors to Raymond who does not take long to be reinforced by the count of Foix, the Catalans and Aragonese. Simon laid siege to the city on October 8. Finally on June 25, during an exit of the besieged, he died killed by a stone thrown by a pierrière operated by women.
His son Amaury, who will become constable of France following his uncle's theory will be confirmed in the possessions in continental his father. The younger brother, Guy de Montfort, Count of Bigorre was by marriage, but he survived only two years. The younger, V Simon moved to England where he will play an important role during the reign of Henry III of England.
However, the County of Toulouse is in fact retained by Raymond VII of Toulouse, then fall by the Treaty in the royal estate at the death of his daughter, married to the king's brother, and leaving no heir.
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